Hydrometallurgical process development

From testwork to commercial production.

Our principals have designed and built commercial metals plants on three continents, for Noranda, Rio Tinto, the Royal Canadian Mint and others. We bring that experience to new ores, residues and recycling streams.

Leach liquorSpent liquorRegenerated acidProduct
Scroll: leach · regenerate · recover
1 · Leach

Leaching circuit, matched to the feedstock.

We choose the leach circuit to suit the mineral and the metals contained, rather than fitting every feed to one chemistry. Our principals have built commercial plants on chloride, sulphate and nitrate systems.

2 · Regenerate

The HCl regenerates and recirculates.

Spent reagent is recycled, not neutralised. In a proprietary circuit, the HCl returns at 30–35% (full strength) and the iron exudes as high-purity hematite, a product with a vibrant market.

3 · Recover

Each metal, to specification.

Ion exchange, solvent extraction, precipitation and electrowinning take each metal product to preferred market grade, as metal, oxide or salt.

The process routes

4 · Build

Proven at design before the build.

Every step of a flowsheet is tested, modelled and engineered with a proper input dataset prior to any equipment procurement, as an integral part of the bespoke Engineering Package.

Engineering Packages

100+years

Combined experience designing, building and running commercial metals plants.

3continents

Plants in Canada, the United States, Germany and Zambia.

1985

CCR gold refinery commissioned. Still running, with nameplate capacity of over 1.6 million ounces of gold a year.

6,800t/yr

Nominal cobalt capacity at Chambishi, among the largest cobalt plants in the world.

How we work

What building plants has taught us.

A flowsheet that works in the lab can still fail at the commercial level, unable to scale. These are the metrics that keep a new process on the right side of that ledger.

Feed first

Right metallurgy fit

It starts with the mineralogy, the process and the mineral economics, then the optimisation. The process route not suitable for the feed is dropped early, however attractive at first glance.

Economics early

Cost factored at onset

Every result goes into the mass and energy balance and the cost-benefit model. The process route that works in the lab but not on the balance sheet will not make it to the pilot, let alone the engineering.

Built to be run

Designed for operators

Our principals have commissioned multiple commercial plants, so the design will be the best fit for a team familiar with operations: automation, engineering, maintenance, instrumentation, control, incremental feed variance and more.

Discretion

Confidential by default

Samples, data and results are never shared, published or left vulnerable. Several of the key processes behind our commercial plants are still protected by trade secret and know-how.

Technology

Acid regeneration, for feedstock others leave behind.

Many feeds are uneconomic because of reagent and energy costs, not because the chemistry fails. Our Acid Regen technology recycles HCl back to the leach at full strength, whilst removing iron as saleable hematite and extracting the valuable metals via refining circuits. Conventional pyrohydrolysis returns acid below 20% and cannot recover the full value of the metals.

These are the routes it opens:

  • Titanium, vanadium and iron from VTM ores and mineral sands Ti · V · Fe
  • Nickel and cobalt from laterites and ferronickel slag Ni · Co · Mg · Al
  • Zinc from electric arc furnace dust Zn · Fe
  • Metals and energy from pyrrhotite tailings Ni · Cu · Co · PGM · Fe
  • Battery metals from spent lithium-ion cells Ni · Co · Li · Mn · Cu
  • High-purity manganese sulphate and zinc Mn · Zn
  • Copper and cobalt from Copperbelt tailings Cu · Co

How each route works

Pilot plant · in operationLive loop

Engineering Packages

From initial sample to operations to refining.

A succinct design roadmap can take a project opportunity from first testwork to the feasibility stages required of a project at the engineering commitment. Each stage will comprise a decision gate and a comprehensive requisite dataset, sufficient for a go/no-go, phase-oriented decision by the owner’s team.

01

Testwork

Does the chemistry work on your material?

Scoping tests, leach and separation programs, and check assays through accredited partner labs.

02

Flowsheet

Which route, and does it pay?

Route selection, mass and energy balance, reagent and utility demand, set against the incumbent process.

03

Process model and pilot

Will it run continuously?

A pilot campaign and a dynamic model calibrated to it, so the operating strategy is proven before design.

04

Basic engineering

What will it cost to build?

Flow diagrams, equipment list and sizing, a 3D layout, and capital and operating cost estimates.

Pilot plant

What a pilot has to prove.

A pilot must show that the circuit runs continuously on real feed, that it yields the numbers the design needs, and that it makes a product a buyer will accept. Its data then calibrates the process model.

What a package includes

Pilot plant · in operationLoop · 42 s

Our pilot line: trains of stirred reactors on mobile blue racks, running down the hall under the extraction duct
Reactor trains in series
Reactor tanks in cascade, each with a valved overflow to the next
Tanks in cascade, valved overflows
A pale yellow-brown precipitate from a pilot run, settled at the bottom of a glass flask
Product, settled in the flask

Our pilot lineMore from our pilot line

Tell us about your ore, residue or flowsheet.

A description of the material, any assays and the decision you face are enough to start. Every enquiry gets a personal reply and stays confidential.